Cronologia dell'universo
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Cronologia dell'universo 4,8

Comprime la storia dell'universo in un solo anno.
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Data Giorno della settimana Tempo Evento
01/01/28 sabato The Big Bang. Beginning of the space and time.
04/01/28 martedì Methuselah star. Oldest known star in the universe.
06/01/28 - 24/01/28 giovedì - lunedì Reionization era. Early stars start ionizing interstellar gas.
08/01/28 sabato First black holes form
14/01/28 venerdì Mass star formation. Universe starts to heat once again.
16/01/28 domenica First galaxies form
17/01/28 lunedì GRB 090423. Oldest gamma ray burst ever observed.
22/01/28 sabato Hubble ultra deep field
26/01/28 mercoledì Quasar CFHQS J2329-0301. Oldest known quasar.
30/01/28 domenica PST B1620-26. Oldest known exoplanet.
01/02/28 martedì Milky Way forms
15/02/28 martedì GRB 140419A supernova. Second oldest gamma ray burst.
25/02/28 venerdì BX442 galaxy. Oldest known spiral galaxy.
01/03/28 mercoledì Kapteyn b. Oldest known exoplanet lying within the habitable zone.
04/03/28 sabato Milky Way's cosmic halo forms
15/03/28 mercoledì Star formation rate peaks. Universe starts to cool Temperature averages around 13000 K.
28/03/28 martedì Oldest population I stars. First stars abundant in metals.
31/03/28 venerdì Universe becomes habitable. First life-friendly star systems emerge.
13/04/28 giovedì JKCS 041. Oldest galactic cluster.
18/04/28 martedì Universe reaches 1/3 of its present diameter
21/04/28 venerdì Milky Way star formation rate stabilizes
28/04/28 venerdì Barnard's star forms. Oldest close solar neighbor.
07/05/28 domenica Oldest known evidence for dark energy
12/05/28 venerdì Milky Way's thin disk starts to form
20/05/28 sabato Lalande 21185
23/05/28 martedì Lacaille 9352
02/06/28 venerdì Milky Way star formation rate begins to decline
08/06/28 giovedì Mizar forms
16/06/28 venerdì GRB 080319B. Most powerful gamma ray burst ever observed by humans.
16/06/28 venerdì Arcturus forms. 4th brightest star in the night sky.
26/06/28 lunedì Universe cools below 5 K
29/06/28 giovedì Growth of large galaxies slows
02/07/28 domenica 1/2 the age of the Universe
04/07/28 martedì Alpha Centauri forms. Closest star system to the Sun.
07/07/28 venerdì Alnitak forms. Left star of the Orion's Belt.
12/07/28 mercoledì Milky Way starts spiralizing
15/07/28 sabato Age of an average earth-like planet
20/07/28 giovedì 61 Cygni forms
25/07/28 martedì Dark energy overtakes gravity. Universe's expansion rate starts to accelerate.
31/07/28 lunedì Tau Ceti forms
08/08/28 martedì Solar nebula starts collapsing
08/08/28 martedì Milky way becomes a spiral galaxy
16/08/28 mercoledì Gliese 570 forms
25/08/28 venerdì Proxima Centauri forms. Closest star to the Sun.
29/08/28 martedì SN 2005ap supernova. Brightest supernova ever observed.
01/09/28 venerdì The Sun forms
02/09/28 sabato Proto-earth forms. Planets, asteroids and comets form from the Sun's protoplanetary disk.
02/09/28 sabato Formation of the Moon. Theia impacts Earth, the Moon forms from the coalesced debris.
06/09/28 mercoledì Oceans form on Earth. Asteroids bring water to Earth.
06/09/28 mercoledì First known minerals. Zircons form at Jack Hills, Australia.
10/09/28 domenica Mintaka forms. Right star of the Orion's Belt.
11/09/28 - 19/09/28 lunedì - martedì Life emerges on Earth
13/09/28 - 22/09/28 mercoledì - venerdì Late Heavy Bombardment
14/09/28 giovedì Earliest known rock. (Aggregate of minerals).
16/09/28 sabato Greenstone rock belt
22/09/28 venerdì Oldest banded iron formation
27/09/28 mercoledì Vaalbara supercontinent emerges
30/09/28 sabato Last universal ancestor. Split between bacteria and archaea.
30/09/28 sabato Cyanobacteria fossils. Warrawoona, oldest fossil evidence of life on Earth.
05/10/28 giovedì Compressional tectonics
06/10/28 venerdì Barberton event. One of the largest impacts ever, left a 300 mi / 480 km crater.
08/10/28 domenica Ur supercontinent forms
08/10/28 domenica Anoxygenic photosynthesis developed by bacteria
10/10/28 martedì First land bacteria
13/10/28 venerdì Cyanobacteria develop true photosynthesis. Life begins to produce oxygen.
16/10/28 lunedì Zeta Reticuli forms
16/10/28 lunedì Kenorland supercontinent emerges
16/10/28 lunedì Tides decline below 1000 ft / 300 m
18/10/28 mercoledì Vaalbara supercontinent breaks up
21/10/28 sabato Major komatiite eruption
21/10/28 sabato First eukaryotes emerge. Early estimate.
24/10/28 martedì Oldest known giant carbonate platform
25/10/28 mercoledì Zeta Puppis forms
26/10/28 giovedì Great Oxygenation event. Bacterially produced oxygen starts to accumulate in the atmosphere.
26/10/28 giovedì Movement of the tectonic plates commences
29/10/28 domenica Suavjarvi impact event left oldest still recognizable crater
29/10/28 - 04/11/28 domenica - sabato Huronian glaciation. First snowball earth period.
01/11/28 mercoledì Continental red beds form
03/11/28 venerdì Atmospheric oxygen level surpasses one percent
03/11/28 venerdì Ozone layer forms
06/11/28 lunedì Earliest known eukaryote fossils (acritarchs)
06/11/28 lunedì Earliest multicellular life. Francevillian Group Fossil.
08/11/28 mercoledì Vredefort impact event. One of the largest impacts ever left a 190 mi/ 300 km crater.
11/11/28 sabato Atmospheric oxygen level surpasses 15 percent
11/11/28 sabato Natural nuclear reactor forms in Oklo, Gabon
12/11/28 domenica Sudbury impact, event left a 160 mi / 260 km crater
14/11/28 martedì Supercontinent Columbia forms
15/11/28 mercoledì Vishnu Basement Rocks. Oldest rocks in the Grand Canyon.
16/11/28 giovedì Oldest sand dune ergs
19/11/28 domenica Mitochondria assimilate into eukaryotic cells
22/11/28 mercoledì Supercontinent Columbia breaks up
23/11/28 giovedì Geologic platform covers expand
24/11/28 venerdì Population of stromatolites rapidly rises
25/11/28 sabato Procyon forms. Brightest star in Canis Minor.
27/11/28 lunedì Greenville orogeny starts
30/11/28 giovedì Supercontinent Rodinia forms
30/11/28 giovedì Bangiomorpha pubescens. First sexually reproducing organism.
01/12/28 venerdì Population explosion of eukaryotes
02/12/28 sabato Earliest flagellate protists
09/12/28 sabato Population of stromatolites starts to decline
10/12/28 domenica Protista population explodes
11/12/28 lunedì Kaigas glaciation. Snowball earth period.
12/12/28 martedì Supercontinent Rodinia breaks apart
12/12/28 - 14/12/28 martedì - giovedì Sturtian glaciation. Snowball earth period.
14/12/28 giovedì Marinoan glaciation. Snowball earth period.
16/12/28 sabato Fossilized worm impressions in China
16/12/28 sabato Avalon explosion. Ediacaran fauna emerges.
17/12/28 domenica Cambrian explosion. Exponential diversification of life, most major animal phyla appear.
18/12/28 lunedì First trilobites
20/12/28 mercoledì 01:33 Plants and arthropods colonize the land
20/12/28 mercoledì 04:44 Ordovician extinction event. 60% of all species go extinct.
20/12/28 mercoledì 20:39 First air-breathing animals
21/12/28 giovedì 12:34 First tetrapods
21/12/28 giovedì 22:07 First tree-like plants
22/12/28 venerdì 04:29 Late Devonian extinction. 70% of all species go extinct.
23/12/28 sabato 05:56 First amniotes
23/12/28 sabato 12:18 First reptiles
23/12/28 sabato 21:51 Atmospheric oxygen level peaks at 35%. Arthropods grow into unprecedented sizes.
24/12/28 domenica 01:02 Pangaea forms. Last supercontinent.
25/12/28 lunedì 08:13 Permian extinction event. Largest extinction event in history, 90-96% of all species go extinct.
25/12/28 lunedì 08:52 Sirius forms . Brightest star in the night sky.
25/12/28 lunedì 20:57 First dinosaurs
26/12/28 martedì 00:46 First mammals
26/12/28 martedì 16:03 Triassic extinction event. 75% of all species go extinct.
26/12/28 martedì 23:03 First giant sauropods
27/12/28 mercoledì 05:25 Pangaea splits into Laurasia and Gondwana
27/12/28 mercoledì 07:58 First stegosaurs
27/12/28 mercoledì 21:20 First birds
28/12/28 giovedì 03:42 Madagascar splits from Africa
28/12/28 giovedì 13:15 First flowering plants
28/12/28 giovedì 13:15 Laurasia and Gondwana begin to drift apart
29/12/28 venerdì 04:31 Spinosaurus evolves. Largest of all carnivorous dinosaurs.
29/12/28 venerdì 08:20 First bees
29/12/28 venerdì 14:42 Indian subcontinent splits from Gondwana
29/12/28 venerdì 21:04 Australia splits from Antarctica
30/12/28 sabato 04:42 Tyrannosaurus rex evolves
30/12/28 sabato 05:59 Cretaceous extinction event. 75% of all species vanish.
30/12/28 sabato 09:48 First primates evolve
30/12/28 sabato 12:59 First modern birds
30/12/28 sabato 16:10 Indian subcontinent collides with Asia. Tiber and Himalayas start to rise.
30/12/28 sabato 18:05 Whales return to the water
30/12/28 sabato 22:32 Antarctic ice cap begins to grow
31/12/28 domenica 01:43 Grasslands become widespread
31/12/28 domenica 04:54 South America separates from Antarctica
31/12/28 domenica 07:27 First elephants. Eritreum melakeghebrekristosi.
31/12/28 domenica 12:32 Divergence of great apes and lesser apes
31/12/28 domenica 14:27 First bovids
31/12/28 domenica 16:59 First large horses
31/12/28 domenica 18:54 Rigel forms. Brightest star in Orion.
31/12/28 domenica 19:13 Betelgeuse forms. Second brightest star in Orion.
31/12/28 domenica 20:10 Last common ancestor humans and chimpanzees
31/12/28 domenica 20:12 - 20:36 Messinian salinity crisis. Strait of Gibraltar closes tight, Mediterranean Sea dries out.
31/12/28 domenica 21:27 Australopithecus evolves
31/12/28 domenica 22:05 Great American Interchange. Isthmus of Panama rises, North and South America join, extensive fauna exchange follows.
31/12/28 domenica 22:24 Current ice age begins
31/12/28 domenica 22:35 First members of the genus Homo appear
31/12/28 domenica 23:02 First controlled use of fire by Homo erectus
31/12/28 domenica 23:30 Last reversal of the Earth's magnetic field
31/12/28 domenica 23:35 Yellowstone Caldera erupts
31/12/28 domenica 23:40 Earliest human engravings. Zig-zag patterns on shells in Java.
31/12/28 domenica 23:48 Earliest instances of burial
31/12/28 domenica 23:50 Neanderthals evolve
31/12/28 domenica 23:52 Anatomically modern humans appear in Africa
31/12/28 domenica 23:56 Humans begin migrating out of Africa
31/12/28 domenica 23:57 Toba supervolcanic eruption. Human population falls to 10,000.
31/12/28 domenica 23:58 23:58:39 Neanderthals go extinct
31/12/28 domenica 23:59 23:59:25 First domesticated dogs
31/12/28 domenica 23:59 23:59:39 Beginning of agriculture
31/12/28 domenica 23:59 23:59:46 Wheel invented
31/12/28 domenica 23:59 23:59:48 Writing invented
31/12/28 domenica 23:59 23:59:49 Great Pyramid
31/12/28 domenica 23:59 23:59:52 Iron Age begins
31/12/28 domenica 23:59 23:59:55 Julius Caesar
31/12/28 domenica 23:59 23:59:58 Galileo Galilei
31/12/28 domenica 23:59 23:59:59 Charles Darwin