Cronologia dell'universo 4,8

Comprime la storia dell'universo in un solo anno.
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Data Giorno della settimana Tempo Evento
01/01/25 mercoledì The Big Bang. Beginning of the space and time.
04/01/25 sabato Methuselah star. Oldest known star in the universe.
06/01/25 - 24/01/25 lunedì - venerdì Reionization era. Early stars start ionizing interstellar gas.
08/01/25 mercoledì First black holes form
14/01/25 martedì Mass star formation. Universe starts to heat once again.
16/01/25 giovedì First galaxies form
17/01/25 venerdì GRB 090423. Oldest gamma ray burst ever observed.
22/01/25 mercoledì Hubble ultra deep field
26/01/25 domenica Quasar CFHQS J2329-0301. Oldest known quasar.
30/01/25 giovedì PST B1620-26. Oldest known exoplanet.
01/02/25 sabato Milky Way forms
14/02/25 venerdì GRB 140419A supernova. Second oldest gamma ray burst.
25/02/25 martedì BX442 galaxy. Oldest known spiral galaxy.
02/03/25 domenica Kapteyn b. Oldest known exoplanet lying within the habitable zone.
05/03/25 mercoledì Milky Way's cosmic halo forms
16/03/25 domenica Star formation rate peaks. Universe starts to cool Temperature averages around 13000 K.
29/03/25 sabato Oldest population I stars. First stars abundant in metals.
31/03/25 lunedì Universe becomes habitable. First life-friendly star systems emerge.
14/04/25 lunedì JKCS 041. Oldest galactic cluster.
19/04/25 sabato Universe reaches 1/3 of its present diameter
22/04/25 martedì Milky Way star formation rate stabilizes
28/04/25 lunedì Barnard's star forms. Oldest close solar neighbor.
07/05/25 mercoledì Oldest known evidence for dark energy
13/05/25 martedì Milky Way's thin disk starts to form
21/05/25 mercoledì Lalande 21185
23/05/25 venerdì Lacaille 9352
03/06/25 martedì Milky Way star formation rate begins to decline
08/06/25 domenica Mizar forms
16/06/25 lunedì GRB 080319B. Most powerful gamma ray burst ever observed by humans.
16/06/25 lunedì Arcturus forms. 4th brightest star in the night sky.
27/06/25 venerdì Universe cools below 5 K
29/06/25 domenica Growth of large galaxies slows
02/07/25 mercoledì 1/2 the age of the Universe
05/07/25 sabato Alpha Centauri forms. Closest star system to the Sun.
07/07/25 lunedì Alnitak forms. Left star of the Orion's Belt.
13/07/25 domenica Milky Way starts spiralizing
15/07/25 martedì Age of an average earth-like planet
21/07/25 lunedì 61 Cygni forms
26/07/25 sabato Dark energy overtakes gravity. Universe's expansion rate starts to accelerate.
31/07/25 giovedì Tau Ceti forms
08/08/25 venerdì Solar nebula starts collapsing
08/08/25 venerdì Milky way becomes a spiral galaxy
16/08/25 sabato Gliese 570 forms
25/08/25 lunedì Proxima Centauri forms. Closest star to the Sun.
29/08/25 venerdì SN 2005ap supernova. Brightest supernova ever observed.
02/09/25 martedì The Sun forms
02/09/25 martedì Proto-earth forms. Planets, asteroids and comets form from the Sun's protoplanetary disk.
03/09/25 mercoledì Formation of the Moon. Theia impacts Earth, the Moon forms from the coalesced debris.
06/09/25 sabato Oceans form on Earth. Asteroids bring water to Earth.
06/09/25 sabato First known minerals. Zircons form at Jack Hills, Australia.
10/09/25 mercoledì Mintaka forms. Right star of the Orion's Belt.
11/09/25 - 19/09/25 giovedì - venerdì Life emerges on Earth
14/09/25 - 22/09/25 domenica - lunedì Late Heavy Bombardment
14/09/25 domenica Earliest known rock. (Aggregate of minerals).
17/09/25 mercoledì Greenstone rock belt
22/09/25 lunedì Oldest banded iron formation
27/09/25 sabato Vaalbara supercontinent emerges
30/09/25 martedì Last universal ancestor. Split between bacteria and archaea.
30/09/25 martedì Cyanobacteria fossils. Warrawoona, oldest fossil evidence of life on Earth.
05/10/25 domenica Compressional tectonics
06/10/25 lunedì Barberton event. One of the largest impacts ever, left a 300 mi / 480 km crater.
08/10/25 mercoledì Ur supercontinent forms
08/10/25 mercoledì Anoxygenic photosynthesis developed by bacteria
11/10/25 sabato First land bacteria
13/10/25 lunedì Cyanobacteria develop true photosynthesis. Life begins to produce oxygen.
16/10/25 giovedì Zeta Reticuli forms
16/10/25 giovedì Kenorland supercontinent emerges
16/10/25 giovedì Tides decline below 1000 ft / 300 m
18/10/25 sabato Vaalbara supercontinent breaks up
21/10/25 martedì Major komatiite eruption
21/10/25 martedì First eukaryotes emerge. Early estimate.
24/10/25 venerdì Oldest known giant carbonate platform
25/10/25 sabato Zeta Puppis forms
26/10/25 domenica Great Oxygenation event. Bacterially produced oxygen starts to accumulate in the atmosphere.
26/10/25 domenica Movement of the tectonic plates commences
29/10/25 mercoledì Suavjarvi impact event left oldest still recognizable crater
29/10/25 - 05/11/25 mercoledì - mercoledì Huronian glaciation. First snowball earth period.
01/11/25 sabato Continental red beds form
03/11/25 lunedì Atmospheric oxygen level surpasses one percent
03/11/25 lunedì Ozone layer forms
06/11/25 giovedì Earliest known eukaryote fossils (acritarchs)
06/11/25 giovedì Earliest multicellular life. Francevillian Group Fossil.
08/11/25 sabato Vredefort impact event. One of the largest impacts ever left a 190 mi/ 300 km crater.
11/11/25 martedì Atmospheric oxygen level surpasses 15 percent
11/11/25 martedì Natural nuclear reactor forms in Oklo, Gabon
13/11/25 giovedì Sudbury impact, event left a 160 mi / 260 km crater
14/11/25 venerdì Supercontinent Columbia forms
15/11/25 sabato Vishnu Basement Rocks. Oldest rocks in the Grand Canyon.
17/11/25 lunedì Oldest sand dune ergs
19/11/25 mercoledì Mitochondria assimilate into eukaryotic cells
22/11/25 sabato Supercontinent Columbia breaks up
23/11/25 domenica Geologic platform covers expand
24/11/25 lunedì Population of stromatolites rapidly rises
25/11/25 martedì Procyon forms. Brightest star in Canis Minor.
27/11/25 giovedì Greenville orogeny starts
30/11/25 domenica Supercontinent Rodinia forms
30/11/25 domenica Bangiomorpha pubescens. First sexually reproducing organism.
01/12/25 lunedì Population explosion of eukaryotes
02/12/25 martedì Earliest flagellate protists
09/12/25 martedì Population of stromatolites starts to decline
10/12/25 mercoledì Protista population explodes
11/12/25 giovedì Kaigas glaciation. Snowball earth period.
12/12/25 venerdì Supercontinent Rodinia breaks apart
12/12/25 - 14/12/25 venerdì - domenica Sturtian glaciation. Snowball earth period.
14/12/25 domenica Marinoan glaciation. Snowball earth period.
16/12/25 martedì Fossilized worm impressions in China
16/12/25 martedì Avalon explosion. Ediacaran fauna emerges.
17/12/25 mercoledì Cambrian explosion. Exponential diversification of life, most major animal phyla appear.
18/12/25 giovedì First trilobites
20/12/25 sabato 02:20 Plants and arthropods colonize the land
20/12/25 sabato 05:31 Ordovician extinction event. 60% of all species go extinct.
20/12/25 sabato 21:23 First air-breathing animals
21/12/25 domenica 13:15 First tetrapods
21/12/25 domenica 22:46 First tree-like plants
22/12/25 lunedì 05:07 Late Devonian extinction. 70% of all species go extinct.
23/12/25 martedì 06:31 First amniotes
23/12/25 martedì 12:52 First reptiles
23/12/25 martedì 22:23 Atmospheric oxygen level peaks at 35%. Arthropods grow into unprecedented sizes.
24/12/25 mercoledì 01:33 Pangaea forms. Last supercontinent.
25/12/25 giovedì 08:40 Permian extinction event. Largest extinction event in history, 90-96% of all species go extinct.
25/12/25 giovedì 09:18 Sirius forms . Brightest star in the night sky.
25/12/25 giovedì 21:21 First dinosaurs
26/12/25 venerdì 01:10 First mammals
26/12/25 venerdì 16:24 Triassic extinction event. 75% of all species go extinct.
26/12/25 venerdì 23:23 First giant sauropods
27/12/25 sabato 05:44 Pangaea splits into Laurasia and Gondwana
27/12/25 sabato 08:16 First stegosaurs
27/12/25 sabato 21:36 First birds
28/12/25 domenica 03:57 Madagascar splits from Africa
28/12/25 domenica 13:28 First flowering plants
28/12/25 domenica 13:28 Laurasia and Gondwana begin to drift apart
29/12/25 lunedì 04:42 Spinosaurus evolves. Largest of all carnivorous dinosaurs.
29/12/25 lunedì 08:31 First bees
29/12/25 lunedì 14:52 Indian subcontinent splits from Gondwana
29/12/25 lunedì 21:13 Australia splits from Antarctica
30/12/25 martedì 04:50 Tyrannosaurus rex evolves
30/12/25 martedì 06:06 Cretaceous extinction event. 75% of all species vanish.
30/12/25 martedì 09:54 First primates evolve
30/12/25 martedì 13:05 First modern birds
30/12/25 martedì 16:15 Indian subcontinent collides with Asia. Tiber and Himalayas start to rise.
30/12/25 martedì 18:09 Whales return to the water
30/12/25 martedì 22:36 Antarctic ice cap begins to grow
31/12/25 mercoledì 01:46 Grasslands become widespread
31/12/25 mercoledì 04:57 South America separates from Antarctica
31/12/25 mercoledì 07:29 First elephants. Eritreum melakeghebrekristosi.
31/12/25 mercoledì 12:34 Divergence of great apes and lesser apes
31/12/25 mercoledì 14:28 First bovids
31/12/25 mercoledì 17:01 First large horses
31/12/25 mercoledì 18:55 Rigel forms. Brightest star in Orion.
31/12/25 mercoledì 19:14 Betelgeuse forms. Second brightest star in Orion.
31/12/25 mercoledì 20:11 Last common ancestor humans and chimpanzees
31/12/25 mercoledì 20:13 - 20:36 Messinian salinity crisis. Strait of Gibraltar closes tight, Mediterranean Sea dries out.
31/12/25 mercoledì 21:27 Australopithecus evolves
31/12/25 mercoledì 22:05 Great American Interchange. Isthmus of Panama rises, North and South America join, extensive fauna exchange follows.
31/12/25 mercoledì 22:24 Current ice age begins
31/12/25 mercoledì 22:36 First members of the genus Homo appear
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:02 First controlled use of fire by Homo erectus
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:30 Last reversal of the Earth's magnetic field
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:35 Yellowstone Caldera erupts
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:40 Earliest human engravings. Zig-zag patterns on shells in Java.
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:48 Earliest instances of burial
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:50 Neanderthals evolve
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:52 Anatomically modern humans appear in Africa
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:56 Humans begin migrating out of Africa
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:57 Toba supervolcanic eruption. Human population falls to 10,000.
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:58 23:58:40 Neanderthals go extinct
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:59 23:59:25 First domesticated dogs
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:59 23:59:39 Beginning of agriculture
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:59 23:59:46 Wheel invented
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:59 23:59:48 Writing invented
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:59 23:59:49 Great Pyramid
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:59 23:59:52 Iron Age begins
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:59 23:59:55 Julius Caesar
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:59 23:59:58 Galileo Galilei
31/12/25 mercoledì 23:59 23:59:59 Charles Darwin