1/1/23 |
Sunday |
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The Big Bang. Beginning of the space and time.
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1/4/23 |
Wednesday |
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Methuselah star. Oldest known star in the universe.
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1/6/23 - 1/24/23 |
Friday - Tuesday |
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Reionization era. Early stars start ionizing interstellar gas.
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1/8/23 |
Sunday |
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First black holes form
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1/14/23 |
Saturday |
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Mass star formation. Universe starts to heat once again.
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1/16/23 |
Monday |
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First galaxies form
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1/17/23 |
Tuesday |
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GRB 090423. Oldest gamma ray burst ever observed.
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1/22/23 |
Sunday |
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Hubble ultra deep field
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1/26/23 |
Thursday |
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Quasar CFHQS J2329-0301. Oldest known quasar.
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1/30/23 |
Monday |
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PST B1620-26. Oldest known exoplanet.
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2/1/23 |
Wednesday |
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Milky Way forms
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2/14/23 |
Tuesday |
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GRB 140419A supernova. Second oldest gamma ray burst.
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2/25/23 |
Saturday |
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BX442 galaxy. Oldest known spiral galaxy.
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3/2/23 |
Thursday |
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Kapteyn b. Oldest known exoplanet lying within the habitable zone.
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3/5/23 |
Sunday |
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Milky Way's cosmic halo forms
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3/16/23 |
Thursday |
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Star formation rate peaks. Universe starts to cool Temperature averages around 13000 K.
|
3/29/23 |
Wednesday |
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Oldest population I stars. First stars abundant in metals.
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3/31/23 |
Friday |
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Universe becomes habitable. First life-friendly star systems emerge.
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4/14/23 |
Friday |
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JKCS 041. Oldest galactic cluster.
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4/19/23 |
Wednesday |
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Universe reaches 1/3 of its present diameter
|
4/22/23 |
Saturday |
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Milky Way star formation rate stabilizes
|
4/28/23 |
Friday |
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Barnard's star forms. Oldest close solar neighbor.
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5/7/23 |
Sunday |
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Oldest known evidence for dark energy
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5/13/23 |
Saturday |
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Milky Way's thin disk starts to form
|
5/21/23 |
Sunday |
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Lalande 21185
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5/23/23 |
Tuesday |
|
Lacaille 9352
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6/3/23 |
Saturday |
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Milky Way star formation rate begins to decline
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6/8/23 |
Thursday |
|
Mizar forms
|
6/16/23 |
Friday |
|
GRB 080319B. Most powerful gamma ray burst ever observed by humans.
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6/16/23 |
Friday |
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Arcturus forms. 4th brightest star in the night sky.
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6/27/23 |
Tuesday |
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Universe cools below 5 K
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6/29/23 |
Thursday |
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Growth of large galaxies slows
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7/2/23 |
Sunday |
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1/2 the age of the Universe
|
7/5/23 |
Wednesday |
|
Alpha Centauri forms. Closest star system to the Sun.
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7/7/23 |
Friday |
|
Alnitak forms. Left star of the Orion's Belt.
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7/13/23 |
Thursday |
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Milky Way starts spiralizing
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7/15/23 |
Saturday |
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Age of an average earth-like planet
|
7/21/23 |
Friday |
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61 Cygni forms
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7/26/23 |
Wednesday |
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Dark energy overtakes gravity. Universe's expansion rate starts to accelerate.
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7/31/23 |
Monday |
|
Tau Ceti forms
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8/8/23 |
Tuesday |
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Solar nebula starts collapsing
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8/8/23 |
Tuesday |
|
Milky way becomes a spiral galaxy
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8/16/23 |
Wednesday |
|
Gliese 570 forms
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8/25/23 |
Friday |
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Proxima Centauri forms. Closest star to the Sun.
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8/29/23 |
Tuesday |
|
SN 2005ap supernova. Brightest supernova ever observed.
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9/2/23 |
Saturday |
|
The Sun forms
|
9/2/23 |
Saturday |
|
Proto-earth forms. Planets, asteroids and comets form from the Sun's protoplanetary disk.
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9/3/23 |
Sunday |
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Formation of the Moon. Theia impacts Earth, the Moon forms from the coalesced debris.
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9/6/23 |
Wednesday |
|
Oceans form on Earth. Asteroids bring water to Earth.
|
9/6/23 |
Wednesday |
|
First known minerals. Zircons form at Jack Hills, Australia.
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9/10/23 |
Sunday |
|
Mintaka forms. Right star of the Orion's Belt.
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9/11/23 - 9/19/23 |
Monday - Tuesday |
|
Life emerges on Earth
|
9/14/23 - 9/22/23 |
Thursday - Friday |
|
Late Heavy Bombardment
|
9/14/23 |
Thursday |
|
Earliest known rock. (Aggregate of minerals).
|
9/17/23 |
Sunday |
|
Greenstone rock belt
|
9/22/23 |
Friday |
|
Oldest banded iron formation
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9/27/23 |
Wednesday |
|
Vaalbara supercontinent emerges
|
9/30/23 |
Saturday |
|
Last universal ancestor. Split between bacteria and archaea.
|
9/30/23 |
Saturday |
|
Cyanobacteria fossils. Warrawoona, oldest fossil evidence of life on Earth.
|
10/5/23 |
Thursday |
|
Compressional tectonics
|
10/6/23 |
Friday |
|
Barberton event. One of the largest impacts ever, left a 300 mi / 480 km crater.
|
10/8/23 |
Sunday |
|
Ur supercontinent forms
|
10/8/23 |
Sunday |
|
Anoxygenic photosynthesis developed by bacteria
|
10/11/23 |
Wednesday |
|
First land bacteria
|
10/13/23 |
Friday |
|
Cyanobacteria develop true photosynthesis. Life begins to produce oxygen.
|
10/16/23 |
Monday |
|
Zeta Reticuli forms
|
10/16/23 |
Monday |
|
Kenorland supercontinent emerges
|
10/16/23 |
Monday |
|
Tides decline below 1000 ft / 300 m
|
10/18/23 |
Wednesday |
|
Vaalbara supercontinent breaks up
|
10/21/23 |
Saturday |
|
Major komatiite eruption
|
10/21/23 |
Saturday |
|
First eukaryotes emerge. Early estimate.
|
10/24/23 |
Tuesday |
|
Oldest known giant carbonate platform
|
10/25/23 |
Wednesday |
|
Zeta Puppis forms
|
10/26/23 |
Thursday |
|
Great Oxygenation event. Bacterially produced oxygen starts to accumulate in the atmosphere.
|
10/26/23 |
Thursday |
|
Movement of the tectonic plates commences
|
10/29/23 |
Sunday |
|
Suavjarvi impact event left oldest still recognizable crater
|
10/29/23 - 11/5/23 |
Sunday - Sunday |
|
Huronian glaciation. First snowball earth period.
|
11/1/23 |
Wednesday |
|
Continental red beds form
|
11/3/23 |
Friday |
|
Atmospheric oxygen level surpasses one percent
|
11/3/23 |
Friday |
|
Ozone layer forms
|
11/6/23 |
Monday |
|
Earliest known eukaryote fossils (acritarchs)
|
11/6/23 |
Monday |
|
Earliest multicellular life. Francevillian Group Fossil.
|
11/8/23 |
Wednesday |
|
Vredefort impact event. One of the largest impacts ever left a 190 mi/ 300 km crater.
|
11/11/23 |
Saturday |
|
Atmospheric oxygen level surpasses 15 percent
|
11/11/23 |
Saturday |
|
Natural nuclear reactor forms in Oklo, Gabon
|
11/13/23 |
Monday |
|
Sudbury impact, event left a 160 mi / 260 km crater
|
11/14/23 |
Tuesday |
|
Supercontinent Columbia forms
|
11/15/23 |
Wednesday |
|
Vishnu Basement Rocks. Oldest rocks in the Grand Canyon.
|
11/17/23 |
Friday |
|
Oldest sand dune ergs
|
11/19/23 |
Sunday |
|
Mitochondria assimilate into eukaryotic cells
|
11/22/23 |
Wednesday |
|
Supercontinent Columbia breaks up
|
11/23/23 |
Thursday |
|
Geologic platform covers expand
|
11/24/23 |
Friday |
|
Population of stromatolites rapidly rises
|
11/25/23 |
Saturday |
|
Procyon forms. Brightest star in Canis Minor.
|
11/27/23 |
Monday |
|
Greenville orogeny starts
|
11/30/23 |
Thursday |
|
Supercontinent Rodinia forms
|
11/30/23 |
Thursday |
|
Bangiomorpha pubescens. First sexually reproducing organism.
|
12/1/23 |
Friday |
|
Population explosion of eukaryotes
|
12/2/23 |
Saturday |
|
Earliest flagellate protists
|
12/9/23 |
Saturday |
|
Population of stromatolites starts to decline
|
12/10/23 |
Sunday |
|
Protista population explodes
|
12/11/23 |
Monday |
|
Kaigas glaciation. Snowball earth period.
|
12/12/23 |
Tuesday |
|
Supercontinent Rodinia breaks apart
|
12/12/23 - 12/14/23 |
Tuesday - Thursday |
|
Sturtian glaciation. Snowball earth period.
|
12/14/23 |
Thursday |
|
Marinoan glaciation. Snowball earth period.
|
12/16/23 |
Saturday |
|
Fossilized worm impressions in China
|
12/16/23 |
Saturday |
|
Avalon explosion. Ediacaran fauna emerges.
|
12/17/23 |
Sunday |
|
Cambrian explosion. Exponential diversification of life, most major animal phyla appear.
|
12/18/23 |
Monday |
|
First trilobites
|
12/20/23 |
Wednesday |
2:20 AM |
Plants and arthropods colonize the land
|
12/20/23 |
Wednesday |
5:31 AM |
Ordovician extinction event. 60% of all species go extinct.
|
12/20/23 |
Wednesday |
9:23 PM |
First air-breathing animals
|
12/21/23 |
Thursday |
1:15 PM |
First tetrapods
|
12/21/23 |
Thursday |
10:46 PM |
First tree-like plants
|
12/22/23 |
Friday |
5:07 AM |
Late Devonian extinction. 70% of all species go extinct.
|
12/23/23 |
Saturday |
6:31 AM |
First amniotes
|
12/23/23 |
Saturday |
12:52 PM |
First reptiles
|
12/23/23 |
Saturday |
10:23 PM |
Atmospheric oxygen level peaks at 35%. Arthropods grow into unprecedented sizes.
|
12/24/23 |
Sunday |
1:33 AM |
Pangaea forms. Last supercontinent.
|
12/25/23 |
Monday |
8:40 AM |
Permian extinction event. Largest extinction event in history, 90-96% of all species go extinct.
|
12/25/23 |
Monday |
9:18 AM |
Sirius forms . Brightest star in the night sky.
|
12/25/23 |
Monday |
9:21 PM |
First dinosaurs
|
12/26/23 |
Tuesday |
1:10 AM |
First mammals
|
12/26/23 |
Tuesday |
4:24 PM |
Triassic extinction event. 75% of all species go extinct.
|
12/26/23 |
Tuesday |
11:23 PM |
First giant sauropods
|
12/27/23 |
Wednesday |
5:44 AM |
Pangaea splits into Laurasia and Gondwana
|
12/27/23 |
Wednesday |
8:16 AM |
First stegosaurs
|
12/27/23 |
Wednesday |
9:36 PM |
First birds
|
12/28/23 |
Thursday |
3:57 AM |
Madagascar splits from Africa
|
12/28/23 |
Thursday |
1:28 PM |
First flowering plants
|
12/28/23 |
Thursday |
1:28 PM |
Laurasia and Gondwana begin to drift apart
|
12/29/23 |
Friday |
4:42 AM |
Spinosaurus evolves. Largest of all carnivorous dinosaurs.
|
12/29/23 |
Friday |
8:31 AM |
First bees
|
12/29/23 |
Friday |
2:52 PM |
Indian subcontinent splits from Gondwana
|
12/29/23 |
Friday |
9:13 PM |
Australia splits from Antarctica
|
12/30/23 |
Saturday |
4:50 AM |
Tyrannosaurus rex evolves
|
12/30/23 |
Saturday |
6:06 AM |
Cretaceous extinction event. 75% of all species vanish.
|
12/30/23 |
Saturday |
9:54 AM |
First primates evolve
|
12/30/23 |
Saturday |
1:05 PM |
First modern birds
|
12/30/23 |
Saturday |
4:15 PM |
Indian subcontinent collides with Asia. Tiber and Himalayas start to rise.
|
12/30/23 |
Saturday |
6:09 PM |
Whales return to the water
|
12/30/23 |
Saturday |
10:36 PM |
Antarctic ice cap begins to grow
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
1:46 AM |
Grasslands become widespread
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
4:57 AM |
South America separates from Antarctica
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
7:29 AM |
First elephants. Eritreum melakeghebrekristosi.
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
12:34 PM |
Divergence of great apes and lesser apes
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
2:28 PM |
First bovids
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
5:01 PM |
First large horses
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
6:55 PM |
Rigel forms. Brightest star in Orion.
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
7:14 PM |
Betelgeuse forms. Second brightest star in Orion.
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
8:11 PM |
Last common ancestor humans and chimpanzees
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
8:13 PM - 8:36 PM |
Messinian salinity crisis. Strait of Gibraltar closes tight, Mediterranean Sea dries out.
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
9:27 PM |
Australopithecus evolves
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
10:05 PM |
Great American Interchange. Isthmus of Panama rises, North and South America join, extensive fauna exchange follows.
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
10:24 PM |
Current ice age begins
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
10:36 PM |
First members of the genus Homo appear
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:02 PM |
First controlled use of fire by Homo erectus
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:30 PM |
Last reversal of the Earth's magnetic field
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:35 PM |
Yellowstone Caldera erupts
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:40 PM |
Earliest human engravings. Zig-zag patterns on shells in Java.
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:48 PM |
Earliest instances of burial
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:50 PM |
Neanderthals evolve
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:52 PM |
Anatomically modern humans appear in Africa
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:56 PM |
Humans begin migrating out of Africa
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:57 PM |
Toba supervolcanic eruption. Human population falls to 10,000.
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:58 PM |
23:58:40 Neanderthals go extinct
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:59 PM |
23:59:25 First domesticated dogs
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:59 PM |
23:59:39 Beginning of agriculture
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:59 PM |
23:59:46 Wheel invented
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:59 PM |
23:59:48 Writing invented
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:59 PM |
23:59:49 Great Pyramid
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:59 PM |
23:59:52 Iron Age begins
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:59 PM |
23:59:55 Julius Caesar
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:59 PM |
23:59:58 Galileo Galilei
|
12/31/23 |
Sunday |
11:59 PM |
23:59:59 Charles Darwin
|